Glioma is the most refractory intracranial tumor, and its diffuse mahotsav norita saree infiltrative growth characteristics make total resection impossible in a biological sense, especially when tumors invade eloquent brain areas.Thus, identifying the equilibrium between tumor resection and functional preservation remains a challenge in glioma surgery.The accurate identification of tumor boundaries, precise mapping of functional boundaries, and an in-depth understanding of functional plasticity are key factors for accomplishing this challenge.This article reviews these three key points and highlights sd11i potential perspectives for the development of glioma surgery.